Post Civil War Reconstructive Era and African - agree with
For a year period following the Civil War, the U. Between and , the U. A white slaveholding south that had built its economy and culture on slave labor was now forced by its defeat in a war that claimed , lives to change its economic, political and social relations with African Americans. Reconstruction is generally divided into three phases: Wartime Reconstruction, Presidential Reconstruction and Radical or Congressional Reconstruction, which ended with the Compromise of , when the U. With the exception of top Confederate leaders, the proclamation also included a full pardon and restoration of property, excluding enslaved people, for those who took part in the war against the Union. They considered success nothing less than a complete transformation of southern society. Passed in Congress in July , the Wade-Davis Bill required that 50 percent of white males in rebel states swear a loyalty oath to the constitution and the union before they could convene state constitutional convents. The Wade-Davis Bill was never implemented. After the war was over, President Andrew Johnson returned most of the land to the former white slaveowners. Post Civil War Reconstructive Era and AfricanThe Reconstruction erathe period in American history that lasted from to following the American Civil War —65marked a significant chapter in the history of civil rights in the United States. Reconstruction ended the remnants of Confederate secession and abolished slaverymaking the newly freed slaves citizens with Recknstructive rights ostensibly guaranteed by three new constitutional amendments.
Reconstruction also refers to the attempt to transform the 11 Southern former Confederate statesas directed by Congressand the role of the Union states in that transformation. Johnson favored rapid measures to bring the South back into the Union, allowing the Southern states to determine the rights of former slaves.
Presidential Reconstruction
Lincoln's last speeches show that he leaned toward supporting the suffrage of all freedmenwhereas Johnson and the Democratic Party strongly opposed this. Constitution while curtailing the rights of former Confederates as through the provisions of the Wade—Davis Bill. Johnson, the most prominent Southerner to oppose the Confederacy, followed a lenient policy toward ex-Confederates.
Johnson's weak Reconstruction policies prevailed until the congressional elections ofwhich followed outbreaks of violence against Blacks in the former rebel states, including the Memphis riots of and the New Orleans massacre of The elections gave Republicans a majority in Congress, enabling them to pass the 14th Amendmentfederalizing equal rights for freedmen, and dissolving rebel state legislatures until new read more constitutions were passed in the South.
Republican coalitions came to power in nearly all of the Southern states and set out to transform Southern society by setting up a free- labor economyusing the U. Army and the Freedmen's Bureau. The Bureau protected the legal rights of freedmen, negotiated labor contracts, and Post Civil War Reconstructive Era and African up schools and churches for them. Thousands of Northerners came to the South as missionaries, teachers, businessmenand politicians. As a result, hostile Southern whites referred to these politicians as " carpetbaggers ". The first bill extended the life of the Bureau, originally established as a temporary organization charged with assisting refugees and freed slaves, while the second defined all persons born in the United States as national citizens with equality before the law.
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After Johnson vetoed the bills, Congress overrode his vetoes, making the Civil Rights Act the first major bill in the history of the United States to become law through an override of a presidential veto. The Radicals in the House of Representatives, frustrated by Johnson's opposition to congressional Reconstruction, filed impeachment charges. The action failed by one vote in the Senate. The new national Reconstruction laws, in particular laws requiring suffrage the right to vote for freedmen, incensed White supremacists in the South, giving rise to the Ku Klux Klan. Elected inRepublican President Ulysses S.
Grant supported congressional Reconstruction and enforced the protection of African Americans in the South through the use of the Enforcement Acts passed by Congress.
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Grant used the Enforcement Acts to combat the https://www.ilfiordicappero.com/custom/write-about-rakhi/god-s-resemblance-from-the-perspective-of.php Klux Klan, which was essentially wiped out although a new incarnation of the Klan would again come to national prominence in the s. Nevertheless, Grant failed to resolve the escalating tensions inside the Republican Party between Northern Republicans and Southern Republicans this latter group would be labelled " scalawags " by those opposing Reconstruction.
Read more, " Redeemers ", self-styled conservatives in close cooperation with a faction of the Democratic Party, strongly opposed Reconstruction. Public support for Reconstruction policies, requiring continued supervision of the South, faded in the North with the rise of the Liberal Republicans in and after the Democrats who also strongly Post Civil War Reconstructive Era and African Reconstruction regained control of the House of Representatives in Inas part of a congressional Ciil to elect Republican Rutherford B.
Hayes as president following Reconstructlve disputed presidential electionU. Army troops were withdrawn from the three states South Carolina, Louisiana, and Florida where they remained. This marked the end of Reconstruction. Reconstruction has been noted by historians for many "shortcomings and failures" including failure to protect many freed blacks from Ku Klux Klan violence, starvation, disease and death, brutal treatment of former slaves by Union soldiers, and offering reparations to some former slaveowners.]
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