The Republic Socrates And Glaucon - understand
He is primarily known as a major conversant with Socrates in the Republic , and the interlocutor during the Allegory of the Cave. He is also referenced briefly in the beginnings of two dialogues of Plato, the Parmenides and Symposium. Glaucon was the older brother of Plato and, like his brother, was in the inner circle of the young affluent students of Socrates. Although little is known about his life, some information can be extrapolated from Plato's writings and from later Platonic biographers. He was born in Collytus, [1] just outside Athens , most likely before BC as he was old enough to serve in the Athenian army during the Battle of Megara , in BC. His father was Ariston , and his mother was Perictione. It is unclear whether it was a name given at birth, an epithet for adoration of the goddess, or a nickname given for "looking for wisdom. Glaucon and at least one of his brothers fought against the Megarians in the Battle of Megara, with the Athenians victorious in BC, during the height of the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and their allies. The brothers are commended for their "godlike" virtues in battle and for the strength of the bloodline by Socrates in the Republic. It is not clear what Glaucon did for a living if anything since his was an aristocratic family.The Republic Socrates And Glaucon - was
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Plato: The Republic - Book 2 Summary and Analysis The Republic Socrates And GlauconThe Myth of Er is a legend that concludes Plato 's Republic The story includes an account of the cosmos and the afterlife that greatly influenced religious, philosophical, and scientific thought for many centuries.
When the bodies of those who died in the battle are collected, ten days after his death, Er remains undecomposed. Two days later he revives on his funeral-pyre and tells others of his journey in the afterlifeincluding an account of reincarnation and the celestial spheres of the astral plane.
The tale includes the idea that moral people are rewarded and immoral people punished after death. Although called the Myth of Er, the word "myth" means "word, speech, account", rather than the modern meaning. The word is used at the end when Socrates explains that because Er did not drink Socrats waters of Lethethe account mythos in Greek was preserved for us.
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With many other souls as his companions, Er had Sofrates across an awe-inspiring place with four openings — two into and out of lGaucon sky and two into and out of the ground. Judges sat between these openings and ordered the souls which path to follow: the good were guided into the path into the sky, the immoral were directed below. But when Er approached the judges, he was The Republic Socrates And Glaucon to remain, listening and observing in order to report his experience to humankind. Meanwhile from the other opening in the sky, clean souls floated down, recounting beautiful sights and wondrous feelings. Those returning from underground appeared dirty, haggard, and tired, crying in despair when recounting their awful experiences, as each was required to pay a tenfold penalty for all the wicked deeds committed when alive.
There were some, however, who could not be released from underground. Murdererstyrants and other non-political criminals were doomed to remain by the exit of the underground, unable to escape.
After seven days in the meadow, the souls and Er were required to travel farther. After four days they reached a place where they could see a shaft of rainbow light brighter than any they had seen before. After Socratrs day's travel they reached it. This was the Spindle of Necessity. Several women, including Lady Necessityher daughters, and the Sirens were present.
The souls — except for Er — were then organized into rows and were each given a lottery token. Then, in the order in which their lottery tokens read more chosen, each soul was required to come forward to choose his or her next life.
Er recalled the first one to choose a new life: a oScrates who had not known the terrors of the underground but had been rewarded in the sky, hastily chose a powerful dictatorship. Upon further inspection he realized that, among other atrocities, he was destined to eat his own children.]
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