Critical Challenges Facing Black Studies - opinion
Long-standing systemic health and social inequities have put many people from racial and ethnic minority groups at increased risk of getting sick and dying from COVID But some experiences are common to many people within these groups, and social determinants of health have historically prevented them from having fair opportunities for economic, physical, and emotional health. There is increasing evidence that some racial and ethnic minority groups are being disproportionately affected by COVID These factors and others are associated with more COVID cases, hospitalizations, and deaths in areas where racial and ethnic minority groups live, learn, work, play, and worship. In addition, community strategies to slow the spread of COVID may cause unintentional harm, such as lost wages, reduced access to services, and increased stress, for some racial and ethnic minority groups. Shared faith, family, and cultural bonds are common sources of social support. Finding ways to maintain support and connection, even when physically apart, can empower and encourage individuals and communities to protect themselves , care for those who become sick , keep kids healthy , and better cope with stress. Critical Challenges Facing Black Studies.Critical Challenges Facing Black Studies Video
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Whiteness studies is the study of the structures that produce white privilege[1] the examination of what whiteness is when analyzed as a race, a culture, and a source of systemic racism source, [2] and the exploration of other social phenomena generated by the societal compositions, perceptions and group behaviours of white people. Pioneers in the field include W. By the mids, numerous works across many disciplines analyzed whiteness, and it has since become a topic for academic courses, research and anthologies.
Some syllabuses associate the dismantling of white supremacy as a stated aim in the understanding of whiteness, [5] while other sources view the field of study as primarily educational and exploratory, such as Criitical questioning the objectivity of generations of works produced in intellectual spheres dominated by white scholars. A central tenet of whiteness studies is a reading of history and go here effects on the present that is inspired by postmodernism and historicismin Critical Challenges Facing Black Studies the very concept of racial superiority is said to have been socially constructed in order to justify discrimination against non-whites.
Since the 19th century, some writers have argued that the phenotypical significances attributed to specific races are without biological association, and that race is therefore not a valid biological concept. Nakayama and Robert L. Krizek write about whiteness as a "strategic rhetoric," asserting, in the essay "Whiteness: A Strategic Rhetoric", that whiteness is a product of "discursive formation" and Blacl "rhetorical construction".
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Nakayama and Krizek write, "there is no 'true essence' to 'whiteness': there are only historically contingent constructions of that social location. Whiteness is considered normal and neutral, therefore, to name whiteness means that one identifies whiteness as a rhetorical construction that can be dissected to unearth its values and beliefs.
Major areas of research in whiteness studies include the nature of white privilege and white identity, the historical process by which a white racial identity was created, the relation of culture to white identity, and possible processes of social change as they affect white identity.
Studies of whiteness as a unique identity could be said to begin among black peoplewho needed to understand whiteness to survive, particularly in slave societies such as the American colonies and United States.
Progress toward gender parity remains slow
A major black theory of whiteness connects this identity group with acts of terrorism —i. White academics in the United States and the United Kingdom UK began to study whiteness as early ascreating a discipline called "whiteness studies". Whiteness studies often overlaps with post-colonial theorythe study of orientalismand anti-racist education.]
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