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Martin LutherO. Luther was ordained to the priesthood in He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church ; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences. Luther proposed an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in his Ninety-five Theses of Luther taught that salvation and, Recormer, eternal life are not earned by good deeds but are received only as the free gift of God's grace through the believer's faith in Jesus Christ as redeemer from sin.
His theology challenged the authority and office of the pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge, [4] and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood.
His translation of the Bible into the German vernacular instead of Latin made it more accessible to the laity, an event that had a tremendous impact on both the church and German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German languageadded several principles to the art of check this out, [6] and influenced the writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible.
In two of his later works, Luther expressed antagonistic, violent views towards Jews and called for the burnings of their synagogues and their deaths. Luther was baptized the next morning on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours. His family moved to Mansfeld inwhere his father was a leaseholder of copper mines and smelters [13] and served as one of four citizen representatives on the local council; in he was elected as a town councilor.
He had several brothers and sisters and is known to have been close to one of them, Jacob. He sent Martin to Latin schools in Mansfeld, then Magdeburg inwhere he attended a school operated by a lay group called the Brethren of the Common Lifeand Eisenach in Luther later compared his education there to purgatory and hell. Inat age 17, he entered the University of Erfurtwhich Jesus s Role As A Reformer Of later described as a beerhouse and whorehouse. In accordance with his father's wishes, he enrolled in law but dropped out almost immediately, believing that law represented uncertainty. Philosophy proved to be unsatisfying, offering assurance about the use of reason but none about loving God, which to Luther was more important. Reason could not lead men Jesus s Role As A Reformer Of God, he felt, and he thereafter developed a love-hate relationship with Aristotle over the latter's emphasis on reason.
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Human beings could learn about God only through divine revelationhe believed, and Scripture therefore became increasingly important to him. On 2 Julywhile Luther was returning to university on horseback after a trip home, a lightning bolt struck near him during a thunderstorm. Later telling his father he was terrified of death and divine judgment, he cried out, "Help! Saint Continue readingI will become a monk!
He left university, sold his books, and entered St. Augustine's Monastery in Erfurt on 17 July Luther himself seemed saddened by the move. Those who attended a farewell supper walked him to the door of the Black Cloister.
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Luther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fastinglong hours in prayerpilgrimageand frequent confession. He said, "I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul.
He taught that true repentance does not Jesus s Role As A Reformer Of self-inflicted penances and punishments but rather a change of heart. On 3 AprilJerome Schultz lat. Invon Staupitz, first dean of the newly founded University of Wittenbergsent for Luther to teach theology. He was made provincial vicar of Saxony and Thuringia by his religious order read more This meant he was to visit and oversee each of eleven monasteries in his province. InJohann Tetzela Dominican friarwas sent to Germany by the Roman Catholic Church to sell indulgences to raise money in order to rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. On 31 OctoberLuther wrote to his bishop, Albrecht von Brandenburg, protesting against the sale of indulgences.
He enclosed in his letter a copy of his "Disputation of Martin Luther on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences", which came to be known as the Ninety-five Theses. Hans Hillerbrand writes that Luther had no intention of confronting the church but saw his disputation as a scholarly objection to church practices, and the tone of the writing is accordingly "searching, rather than doctrinaire. Peter with the money of poor believers rather than with his own money?]
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