Partition and Scramble of Africa Video
Scramble for and Partition of Africa by Delistuta Kagambe from Arusha Day Secondary School Partition and Scramble of Africa
Africa is the world's second-largest and second-most populous continentafter Asia in both cases. At about Africa's population is the youngest amongst all the continents; [7] [8] the median age in was The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states countrieseight territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition.
Algeria is Africa's largest country by area, and Nigeria is its largest by population. African nations cooperate through the establishment of the African Unionwhich is Partition and Scramble of Africa in Addis Ababa. Africa straddles the Equator and encompasses numerous climate areas; it is the only continent to stretch from the northern temperate to southern temperate zones. Africa is home to much biodiversity; it is the continent with the largest number Partition and Scramble of Africa megafauna species, as it was least affected by the extinction of the Pleistocene megafauna.
However, Africa also is heavily affected by a wide range of environmental issuesincluding desertification, deforestation, water scarcityand other issues.
These entrenched environmental concerns are expected to worsen as climate change impacts Africa. Africa, particularly Eastern Africais widely accepted as the place of origin of humans and the Hominidae clade great apesmeaning that Africa has a long and complex history.
The earliest hominids and their ancestors have been dated to around 7 million years ago, including Sahelanthropus tchadensisAustralopithecus africanusA. Following a subsequent long and complex history of civilizations, continue reading and trade, Africa hosts a large diversity of ethnicitiescultures and languages.
The last years have witnessed an increasing European influence on the continent. Starting in the 16th century, this was driven by trade, including the Trans-Atlantic slave tradewhich created large African diaspora populations in the Americas. In the late 19th centuryEuropean countries colonized almost all of Africaextracting resources Partition and Scramble of Africa the continent and exploiting local communities; most present states in Africa emerged from a process of decolonisation in the 20th century. Afri was a Latin name used to refer to the inhabitants of then-known northern Africa to the west of the Nile river, and in its widest sense referred to all lands south of the Mediterranean Ancient Libya. Under Roman rule, Carthage became the capital of the province it then named Africa Proconsularisfollowing its defeat of the Carthaginians in the Third Punic War in BC, which also included the coastal part of modern Partition and Scramble of Africa.
The later Muslim region of Ifriqiyafollowing its conquest of the Byzantine Eastern Roman Empire's Exarchatus Africaealso preserved a form of the name.
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According to the Romans, Africa lies to the west of Egypt, while "Asia" was used to refer to Anatolia and lands to the east. A definite line was drawn between the two continents by the geographer Ptolemy 85— ADindicating Alexandria along the Prime Meridian and making the isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea the boundary between Asia and Africa. As Europeans Partition and Scramble of Africa to understand the real extent of the continent, the idea of "Africa" expanded with their knowledge. Africa is considered by most paleoanthropologists to be the oldest inhabited territory on Earthwith the human species originating from the continent. Fossil remains of several Partition and Scramble of Africa of early apelike humans thought to have evolved into modern man, such as Australopithecus afarensis radiometrically dated to approximately 3.
After the evolution of Homo sapiens approximatelytoyears BP in Africa, [20] [21] [22] [23] the continent was mainly populated by groups of hunter-gatherers. Other migrations of modern humans within the African continent have been dated to that time, with evidence of early human settlement found in Southern AfricaSoutheast AfricaNorth Africaand the Sahara.
The size of the Sahara has historically been extremely variable, with its area rapidly fluctuating and at times disappearing depending on global climatic conditions. Pxrtition BC, due to a tilt in the earth's orbit, the Sahara experienced a period of rapid desertification. A major climatic recession occurred, lessening the heavy and persistent rains in Central and Eastern Africa.]
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